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NYT Crossword 8 January 2024

Across Hints Clues
Random ___ of kindness ACTS
”What’s more …” ALSO
Loser to scissors, winner over rock PAPER
Eating plan DIET
Slightest little sound PEEP
Future fungus SPORE
Tim Duncan’s longtime N.B.A. team SANANTONIOSPURS
Feminine article in Spanish UNA
”I’ll do that right away, boss!” ONIT
Source of draft beer TAP
Metaphor for some special-interest government spending PORKBARREL
Dust ___ (tiny critter) MITE
Taylor Swift’s “We ___ Never Ever Getting Back Together” ARE
Little hopper TOAD
Sudden overwhelming fear PANIC
Energy drinks that “give you wings” REDBULLS
Choose SELECT
Mouth-related ORAL
Versin’ person? POET
Spins WHIRLS
Titular soccer coach on a hit Apple TV+ series TEDLASSO
Improves, as a skill HONES
Greek salad cheese FETA
___-to manual HOW
Shapes of rainbows ARCS
Attention seeker at school CLASSCLOWN
”I did NOT need to know that!” TMI
Stretched tight TAUT
Sound in a “Batman” fight POW
”Done this before, you know!” … or a hint to the last words of 17-, 23-, 31-, 40- and 48-Across NOTMYFIRSTRODEO
Do a bit better than ONEUP
College head DEAN
Annoying thing to find unmatched in the laundry pile SOCK
Doorstop’s shape WEDGE
Certain risqué message SEXT
Swelled heads EGOS
Down Hints Clues
Interruptions in YouTube videos ADS
Spy org. CIA
Like professors with job security TENURED
Performed poorly, informally STANK
Well-suited APT
Sign before Virgo LEO
Ladies of Spain SENORAS
Stated a viewpoint OPINED
”Hey, you! Over here!” PSST
Smartphone download APP
Canadian fries-and-gravy dish POUTINE
Unpredictable ERRATIC
Aretha Franklin hit ranked #1 on a Rolling Stone magazine “500 Greatest Songs of All Time” list RESPECT
Catch in the act NAB
Frying need OIL
Golf standard PAR
Underground metal ORE
Book of maps ATLAS
”Let the good times ___!” ROLL
Island nation south of Sicily MALTA
Banana discard PEEL
Tiresome sorts BORES
Addresses with links, for short URLS
Cokes and Pepsis SODAS
Nonhuman household residents PETS
”Where do we go from here?” WHATNOW
Estrogen or testosterone HORMONE
Provoked INCITED
Source of an extract used in aromatherapy TEATREE
Entrant in a Westminster Kennel Club event SHOWDOG
Scatter, as seeds SOW
Take responsibility for OWN
Liquids FLUIDS
Half-___ (rhyming coffee order) CAF
Lifesaving skill, in brief CPR
”___ lips sink ships” LOOSE
Use a keyboard TYPE
One might read “#1 Dad” MUG
”Wailing” instrument SAX
Explosive inits. TNT
Prefix with conscious ECO
Approves OKS

Logiciel de gestion de projet, comment s'y retrouver en 2024?

Les #méthodes de #gestion de projet sont les alliées des chefs de #projets #IT pour économiser du #temps et en faire économiser à nos #clients. Couplées à des #outils informatiques, elles sont encore plus dans la #performance. Cet article sera l'occasion de revisiter les fondamentaux des outils de gestion de projet.

#Firefox, the slow descent into hell.
http://consulting.net.eu.org/firefox.html

In 2024, please switch to Firefox https://roytanck.com/2023/12/23/in-2024-please-switch-to-firefox/ #privacy #security #opensource #unix #linux #macos


Quelques outils de gestion de projet open source

Les #outils de #gestion de #projet #opensource offrent plusieurs avantages, notamment la #flexibilité, l'#adaptabilité et la #transparence. Je sais de quoi je parle car j'utilise actuellement #ProjeQtOr chez mon #employeur pour gérer mes projets. Quelques bonnes raisons d'utiliser ces outils: la possibilité de #personnaliser et de #modifier le #code #source pour répondre à des besoins spécifiques, ce qui les rend plus flexibles que les #solutions #propriétaire.

Méthode de l'Inbox Zéro pour gérer ses emails

Salut à toi, jeune #stagiaire en #alternance ! Aujourd'hui, je vais te parler d'un truc essentiel dans le quotidien d'un chef de projet #IT, c'est quelque chose qui peut sacrément impacter ta #productivité si tu ne le maîtrises pas : la gestion des #emails ou #courriels. Alors c'est parti, accroche-toi : c'est la méthode #Inbox Zéro pour gérer ses #mails.

Méthode de l'Inbox Zéro pour gérer ses emails


Quelles leçons tirer d'un projet informatique réussi?

Chacun apprend de ses propres succès et erreurs. Il n'y a pas de meilleur moyen de progresser. Dans cette optique, il est intéressant de discuter avec les clients en phase d'atterrissage de #projet pour tirer les leçons d'une #implémentation réussie de #logiciel. Evidemment on ne peut pas toujours discuter librement avec les clients sur la meilleure manière de mener un projet. 😅

Articles sur la gestion de projet informatique

Dans mon job de chef de projet #IT, je me suis employé à mettre en ligne au fil du temps une ressource complète qui aborde divers aspects de la gestion de #projet #informatique. Les articles visent à fournir des informations pratiques, des conseils stratégiques et des analyses approfondies pour mieux gérer les projets.


注意到有本讲 #法国 #近代早期 #国家构建 的著作 The Early Modern State: A Historically Ensnared Entity。 作者所在单位已经放出了 Introduction 的试读,但好像 google books 上还搜不到条目。

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Comment gérer le déclenchement de facturation ?

La #gestion à l'affaire est une composante du quotidien de nombreuses #entreprises, en particulier celles qui opèrent dans des secteurs où les #projets s'étalent sur des périodes longues. Dans cette approche, la création d'échéanciers spécifiques liés à chaque #affaire revêt une importance capitale pour gérer le déclenchement de #facturation.

Les méthodes de reconnaissance du CA

Le secteur des #services est fortement influencé par les disparités entre la #production et la #facturation. Comparé à l' #industrie où l'on observe une relation plus directe et immédiate entre les deux, le contrôle de #gestion dans le domaine des services s'avère nettement plus complexe. Le défi essentiel réside dans le choix de la méthode de reconnaissance du chiffre d'affaires.

Restons derrière nos écrans de fumée

Cet éclairage autour du documentaire Derrière nos écrans de fumée jette un regard #critique sur la manière dont les #reseauxsociaux affectent notre vie quotidienne. Il exprime le ras-le-bol de voir de plus en plus d' #adolescents obsédés par leur #smartphone et la #technologie, à tel point qu'ils ne prêtent plus attention à leur #environnement. Ils sont constamment connectés, discutant en ligne de leurs « likes » ou de dilemmes vestimentaires plutôt que de s'engager dans le monde réel.

Que penser de Derrière nos écrans de fumée ?

Un regard critique sur les #reseauxsociaux est essentiel pour prendre du recul par rapport à notre utilisation quotidienne de la #technologie. Il est devenu courant de voir des adolescents marcher ou prendre le bus en étant constamment absorbés par leur #smartphone, sans même lever les yeux pour observer le monde qui les entoure. La #communication se fait souvent à travers des écouteurs, discutant de mentions "likes" sur leurs publications ou de choix vestimentaires.

Que penser de Derrière nos écrans de fumée ?


Chefferie de projets, enjeux et défis pour réussir

Les enjeux de la #chefferie de #projets sont immenses dans un monde traversé par la #digitalisation. Je peux témoigner comme professionnel #ERP que la gestion de #projet est un domaine complexe qui comporte défis et enjeux auxquels il n'est pas simple de faire face, en particulier s'adapter à toutes les situations demande beaucoup de qualités personnelles qui ne sont pas données à tous.

ChatGPT peut désormais vous parler

#OPENAI, la société spécialisée dans l'intelligence artificielle qui a lancé #ChatGPT, vient d'annoncer une mise à jour de ses applications mobiles ChatGPT pour #iOS et #Android permettant à une personne de formuler ses questions au #chatbot et de l'entendre répondre avec sa propre voix de synthèse.
https://michelcampillo.com/blog/2917.html


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【转载】「新清史」学者「反汉化论」的偏谬(原载《历史评论》2023年第2期)

“新清史”学者“反汉化论”的偏谬

刘文鹏、黄灏

来源:《历史评论》2023年第2期,先行刊载于2023年8月24日公众号文章

游牧民族进入农耕区,接受农耕区的经济、文化滋养是一种常见的历史现象。追求更先进的生产方式、政治制度和思想文化,也是很多草原民族政权发展的必然选择。

美国“新清史”认为,清朝之所以能够维持对中原地区的统治,并非由于其统治者推行汉化政策,相反,通过八旗制度,满人在政治制度、习俗、语言等方面都保持着非汉特性,维持了自身的族群认同。这一观点根本不符合历史事实。近年来,不少学者对此进行了系统分析和回应,“反汉化论”背后的逻辑缺陷越发清晰地呈现在人们面前。

“反汉化论”的基本观点

美国“新清史”学者柯娇燕从三方面批判“汉化论”。一是认为“汉化”概念存在缺陷。她认为所谓“汉化”就是变得像汉人,主要侧重于对“汉文化”的认同,而“汉文化”并非一成不变,不存在一个固定的“汉文化”与“异质文化”的边界,由此“汉化”概念变得毫无意义。

二是针对芮玛丽等学者认为在儒家价值观影响下,19 世纪中期满汉已合为一体、几乎不存在差别的观点,柯娇燕提出,这种“汉化”论述不仅将满人看作一种自然存在的固定物,而且夸大了汉人与儒家文化的单向构造作用,忽略了满人的自我认同。

三是批判“汉化论”的本质是“汉文化中心主义”与“文化优越论”,不仅漠视了非汉族群体,而且极有可能扭曲历史。她提出,清代满人的主体性是在不断发展的,满人的族群化过程直到清末民初才完成。

罗友枝明确区分了“文化借用”和“汉化”,即满人“借用”汉人政权的政治制度、法律体系等,并不意味着满人失去族群特性;而“汉化”更多指的是“成为汉人”,即族群认同的变化。罗友枝进而认为,“汉化论”是清末民初的政治家和学者面对内忧外患,在“汉族中心主义”影响下建构出来的,深刻影响了 20 世纪中国的历史研究;然而,“汉化论”无法全面解释清代历史,因此,去除“汉化论”的影响将是中国历史研究的中心议题。

欧立德并不否认“汉化”事实的存在,认为满人的发展和清朝统治的延续,依靠的是维持“满洲特性”与兼容、采用其他族群的信仰、文化、习俗和制度等。他认为,“变成汉人”与“采用汉人制度”义项的混用,有时会在“族群认同”与“文化变迁”之间创造人为的联系,模糊满人的自我认同。他认为,“汉化论”者虽然有时会强调人群间的友好关系、文化间的交流互鉴,但主要还是宣扬“汉文化教化”的超凡作用。相似的批评还可见于米华健、濮德培的著作。

总之,上述学者以族群理论为基点,从“满洲中心”出发,探讨满人如何在维持自身认同的同时,成功维持清朝统治。这一研究取向也被冠以“中国研究的族群转向”。而且,他们强调,他们的观点可以在大量满文档案的记载中获得支持,因此应该重视清朝遗留下来的满文档案,发掘清朝历史中的“满洲特色”。

“反汉化论”的病理

针对“新清史”否定满族“汉化”的观点,除了早期在美国学界引起何炳棣、黄培等学者反驳外,近年来中国学界也进行了回应,揭露其背后的病理。

首先,“新清史”学者将“汉化”概念狭隘化。通览国内清史研究成果,以及近年来学者对“新清史”的回应,可以发现,国内学者所理解的“汉化”,更多偏向“涵化”的意向。一方面,“汉化”/“涵化”是指以汉文化为主体、满汉双向互动并最终融合的过程,绝非单向度的满族逐渐汉化并最终被同化的简单过程。另一方面,满人不仅积极主动地接受汉文化,也对汉文化进行改造。由此可见,“新清史”所理解的具有明显“汉族中心主义”与“汉文化优越论”的“汉化”,显然是望文生义、不求甚解而树立的“稻草人”。

其次,“新清史”学者对西方学界“汉化论”谱系的追溯也不够全面准确。大多数“新清史”学者将“汉化论”的渊源追溯到20世纪初大变局中的梁启超、孙中山等政治家及费正清、芮玛丽等美国学者。他们宣称,费正清等人强调中国历史上儒家文化的重要性,认为清朝统治者对儒家文化推崇备至,满人没有独立的文化与历史观,最终被同化为汉人。

事实上,早期研究阿尔泰语系诸民族文化历史的阿尔泰学派的代表学者,如亨利·裕尔、沙畹、伯希和、柯立夫、梅谷等,都有关于“汉化”的论述。如伯希和就明确称,“契丹及所有作为胜利者定居于中国土壤上的野蛮人,都在反弹中被中国文明很快征服了。在几代之后,契丹就已经被文明化和汉化了”。此外,钟焓更是将“汉化论”追溯至17世纪以来的西方来华传教士和19、20世纪之交的俄国民族学家。可见,身处西方的“新清史”学者,对西方学界的“汉化论”源流都不甚了解。

最后,“新清史”认为“汉化”来自清末民初“汉族中心主义”者的构建,其背后存在不良政治动机。事实上,“汉化论”客观反映了数千年来汉族与非汉族群在政治、经济、思想文化等诸多方面的紧密联系,“新清史”学者却将狭义的“汉化”与中国近代兴起的“民族主义”思潮关联起来,企图否认并割裂汉族与非汉族群的紧密联系,进而在“民族国家”话语下解构中华民族一体化发展历史。

“汉化”的本质是民族融合

“新清史”学者的“汉化”概念是不符合历史事实的。那么,如何正确理解中国历史上的“汉化”现象?

在数千年的历史长河中,匈奴、突厥、鲜卑、契丹、女真、蒙古等北方民族都曾建立政权。但是,北方民族一直面临一个问题:一方面,经济社会持续发展依赖于一定的人口基础;另一方面,草原的环境资源牢牢限制着人口规模,他们需要从农耕文明获取资源。所以,北方民族在发展到一定高度后,都表现出向西、向南迁移的趋势,向西进入中亚、西亚,甚至是东欧地区的农业文明圈,向南则进入中原农耕文明圈。这些进入农耕区后的草原民族,其生产方式、生活习俗、社会形态等必然在很大程度上出现“当地化”的趋势。

同时,游牧或渔猎生产方式,使得这些北方民族很难建立长期稳定的政治或宗教思想体系。以蒙古人为例,成吉思汗及其后继者征服欧亚大陆后,分别在东欧平原、西亚的两河流域、中亚地区建立起钦察、伊利、察合台和窝阔台四大汗国。西亚、中亚的蒙古人逐渐接受伊斯兰教。东欧地区的部分蒙古人皈依东正教,经过长期交往、交流,逐渐与当地居民融合。而留在东亚地区的蒙古人则成为藏传佛教的信徒。其他如契丹人、女真人等,也都有类似的经历。

由此可知,游牧民族进入农耕区,接受农耕区的经济、文化滋养是一种常见的历史现象。追求更先进的生产方式、政治制度和思想文化,也是很多草原民族政权发展的必然选择。因此“汉化”不仅仅是汉族文化或习俗的推广,更重要的在于社会结构、国家治理和文明准则的融合、发展和进步。

总之,中国历史上并不存在“新清史”学者所片面理解的“汉化”,互学互鉴、交流融合意义上的“汉化”则是客观事实,其实质是“中华民族化”,即各民族不断交往交流交融,形成了多元一体的中华民族。以魏晋南北朝为例,北方政权在影响、改变中原风貌的同时,出于巩固政权的需要,纷纷变法改制、移风易俗,向中原文明靠拢。而隋唐二朝与“汉化”最为深入的北魏一脉相承,其统治集团、政治格局均呈现文化、血缘、制度上的胡汉融合、南北融合特征。宋元明清时期更是各民族长期交往交流交融的时代,至清朝形成了以中原传统制度为主体又继承满人文化及制度的国家建构模式,从而在疆域、制度、人口、经济等方面都达到了封建王朝的顶峰。

作者单位:中国人民大学清史研究所
编辑:拾 壹
校审:消 暑

#反新清史
#ChineseHistory

NYT Crossword Answers 31 July 2023

Daily NYT Crossword Answer
NYT Crossword Answers 31 July 2023
Across Clues
Reference point for nighttime navigation
Trim, as a photo
“Toodles!”
Sci-fi hero ___ Skywalker
Volcano output
Casper is a friendly one
Not much
Actor Epps
Sounds from a sty
Tennis great with a sister who’s also a tennis great
Sought political office
Ye ___ Shoppe
British royal crowned in May 2023
Tic-___-toe
AMC’s “Better Call ___”
Failed to
Cry on a roller coaster
Rider’s handful
“Great” detective of kid-lit
“It’s ___!” (classic “Frankenstein” line)
Come off as
Haw’s partner
First Latina justice, successor to David Souter
Exam for an aspiring atty.
Fury
Words before legal action … or what one might exclaim to 19-, 24- and 45-Across?
Material for LPs
Worker welfare org.
CT scan alternatives
Weeps
Edward ___, poet who wrote “The Owl and the Pussy-cat”
Frozen waffle brand
Emulates Snoop Dogg or Doja Cat
Small whirlpool
Eliot of the Untouchables
Down Clues
Serb, Slovene or Slovak
Paper towel roll leftover
Similar (to)
Part of a round trip
Comically packed circus vehicle
Actor Malek of “Bohemian Rhapsody”
Speed-skating track shape
Word after beauty or pizza
Adds one’s two cents
Atoms with charges
Pose, as a question
Extra periods in sports, in brief
Provoked
Gives in to gravity, as a roof
Sick
Artist Frida renowned for her self-portraits
Strand, as during a blizzard
Shade of color
Group of showbiz elites
State whose license plates read “Famous Potatoes”
Prefix with continental or faith
Tabloid twosome
“___ the night before Christmas …”
Stares said to inflict curses
Keanu Reeves’s role in “The Matrix”
For-prophet institution?
Painting studio stands
Podcast host Maron
Pronounce
Peter of “Lawrence of Arabia”
Tower of London guards
Hair salon sound
Previously owned
“If ___ a nickel …”
Strongly encourage
Fixes, as a carnival game
General ___ chicken
TiVo forerunner
Nest egg fund, in brief

Just realized: the alleged "TOP10 Papers of Chinese Historiography, 2022" excludes Gao Xiang's research article revising the conclusion of isolation in early modern China (Ming and Qing dynasty).

#ChineseHistory

NYT Crossword Answers 30 July 2023

Daily NYT Crossword Answer
NYT Crossword Answers 30 July 2023
Across Clues
Org. that sells “Speaking up for those who can’t” T-shirts
Bread or pasta, informally
Rae of “Vengeance”
Gives off
Social movement that Teddy Roosevelt proclaimed “the most American thing in America”
Boyfriend
Christopher ___, director of “Oppenheimer” (2023)
“Hugh Hefner was quite the media mogul. They called him …”
Leaf-wrapped Turkish dish
Chargeable cars, for short
Jerkface
“Hands off!”
Catch
Key item
Lauder in the cosmetics aisle
Grabs a snack, say
“I know they’ve had them on all day, but let the kids eat their candy. After all, a Ring Pop is a …”
“Mwa-ha-ha-ha” is one
“General” with a spicy recipe
De Armas who name-checked the New York Times crossword on “S.N.L.”
Slithering swimmer
Raison d’___
One of a record 2,297 for Hank Aaron
Bit of Old Norse
Columbus sch.
“Do you really trust these Bitcoiners? Beware …”
Suppressed, as a story
Dreaded collectors
Academic with funding, say
Formation involving fibrin
Jumbled mess
“___-daisy!”
Cherished
Best
Family nickname
Publicly makes fun of, slangily, with “on”
“That poor lion has a mighty toothache. Boy, …”
Boyo
Soothsayer
Counterpart of 76-Down
Big Apple fashion inits.
Sport-___ (vehicle)
Home to Masada National Park: Abbr.
Lead-in to Pen
Sliced into thin strips, as carrots
“Enjoy your stay on our horse farm. Hope it’s not too noisy. You can expect …”
One of five every seven
Roman theater
Half a giggle
“Y” on a form
“What ___” (“Bummer!”)
Rain checks?
Kvass grain
Story that goes over one’s head?
“Can you believe I sneaked into Buckingham Palace in a trunk and saw the king? I was a …”
What was exited during Brexit
King who said “How sharper than a serpent’s tooth it is to have a thankless child!”
Annual New Year’s celebration in Pasadena
___ Haute, Ind.
Titular Austen heroine
Small tips, maybe
Forest nymph
Down Clues
Fictional supplier of Jet-Propelled Pogo Sticks and Dehydrated Boulders
Makeshift knife
Grading option
Director’s shout
Loved, loved, loved, with “up”
Die, e.g.
Shade of blue
Verb for a biblical cup
Cast out
“Nobody ever got fired for buying ___” (old business saying)
With these, one can surely walk on water
Learned
___-Hungarian Empire
What might prompt nostalgia
Pasture sound
“Uh-huh, sure”
Leaf-wrapped Mexican dish
Catches
Set, as a security system
Himalayan sight … or maybe not
Start to see red
The Magic, on scoreboards
Kind of whale with two blowholes
Whole
Country with no official language
Bitty
Night before
Restrain, as breath
Wait in the shadows
Expels
Of two minds
Kind of cat with short, curly fur
Comic book sound effect
Fleece-lined boots
Habitually
Rare treat, maybe
Employers
Was accepted
Faith that preaches religious unity
Nunavut people
Himalayan river
Curmudgeon’s countenance
___ Centauri
Hauled
Enjoy, as an article, even though it makes your blood boil
Mont Blanc, par exemple
Big name in chicken
Didn’t pick up what someone was putting down
Loose, as laces
U.S. intelligence org.
Counterpart of 84-Across
Least sweet, maybe
Square’s length squared
Choctaw word for “people,” as seen in a U.S. state name
Kapoor of “Slumdog Millionaire”
Happening
Oolong or Darjeeling
Ice cream entrepreneur Joseph
Annoy
Play thing?
Eagerly accepts
Dundee denial
Reach a dental milestone
Prynne of “The Scarlet Letter”
Periwinkle, by another name
Stitched
“I want,” in Oaxaca
Comedian Cenac
[Excuse me]
Latin 101 infinitive
GPS suggestions: Abbr.
Soak (up)
When tripled, “Blah, blah, blah”
Word with eagle or green
Occupational suffix
Italian unit of time
Big roll
Pirate’s exclamation

It looks like someone carved the pillars
It sure does.
Nature does do things in patterns, so there's that. 😀


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Gestion de stock : les bases et la méthode

Je souhaiterai expliquer en quelques mots les bases du #suivi et de la #gestion des #stocks et des #approvisionnements. En tant qu'expert sur les solutions de gestion, je me plonge presque quotidiennement dans l'univers complexe de la gestion des stocks. Le but ultime est la recherche de l'équilibre parfait entre #disponibilité et #coût.

Peng, Peng. 'Pen and Sword: Meritocracy, Conflicts, and Bureaucratic Appointments in Imperial China'. Ph.D. dissertation, Duke University, 2022.

#Abstract
#Bureaucracy is a pillar of #state-building. I examine how new states achieve the transition from tenuous rule to consolidated rule. Rulers can diversify the selection system to recruit agents who have different skill sets to solve the dual challenges of territorial pacification and routine administration in pursuit of state-building. While rulers appoint officials who have cultural training resources to maintain routine governance, they turn to officials with practical skills to pacify contentious areas. This dissertation brings bureaucracy to the debate on state-building and contributes to the literature about #meritocracy and bureaucratic politics. I draw on archives to build an original dataset on the prefects of #Qing Dynasty of Imperial #China prefectural and conflict incidents to test this theory. First, I explain the temporal variation in recruitment channels by describing how appointment strategies responded to perceived regime threats, conditioned by the supply side constraint. Second, I find that during peaceful times the Qing imperial court was more likely to appoint officials who passed entered the Imperial Civil Service Exams during peaceful times, but they the court turned to #Manchu officials and office purchasers after conflicts broke out. Third, I examine the impact of bureaucratic structure on state performance. I test whether or not the exam officials performed better in terms of delivering famine relief and establishing charities. I find the Qing imperial court shifted to appointing officials with military skills and fiscal resources after conflicts broke out from appointing officials who entered the administration via the exam route. I also find that the exam officials did not perform better than non-exam officials in governance, measured by famine relief measures and charitable activities. I conclude the dissertation by summarizing the theoretical framework and empirical findings, discussing limitations, and reviewing the research agenda.

#政治史
#历史
#中国史
#科举

Inwald, Minerva. 'The Aesthetic Needs of the Masses: Cultural Work in the Aftermath of the Great Leap Forward'. #ModernChina 49, no. 3 (1 May 2023): 290–319. https://doi.org/10.1177/00977004221132155.

#Abstract:
In the early #1960s, as part of a suite of policies intended to rectify the failures of the #GreatLeapForward, the Propaganda Department and the Ministry of Culture launched new cultural policies that inaugurated a relatively liberal period for the arts in the #PRC. This article explores how these new policies reconceptualized the relationship between art and politics to emphasize the importance of providing audiences with experiences of enjoyment, relaxation, and #aesthetic pleasure, as well as how state-run media reporting on the newly opened Museum of Chinese Art and its inaugural exhibition embodied the aspirations of these new policies by describing and imagining visitors indulging in the beauty of the museum and the artworks on display. By examining the brief expansion of what it meant for art to serve #socialism in the early 1960s, this article reveals that cultural officials experimented with multiple configurations of the relationship between art and politics during the #MaoZedong era.

#后大跃进
#新中国史
#外刊鸟瞰

Fong, Sau-yi. 'Militarization as Personal Cultivation: Student Military Training in Guomindang China, 1928–1937'. #ModernChina 49, no. 4 (1 July 2023): 480–514. https://doi.org/10.1177/00977004221134211.

#Abstract :
By examining the #Guomindang 's (GMD's) on-the-ground implementation of its student #military training program, this article addresses the ideological tensions and diplomatic predicaments underlying the #party-state 's youth mobilization strategies. While fetishizing a regimented society, the program incorporated a heterogeneous set of tactics to both inspire and control youth martial activism. The peculiar mix of military discipline, Confucian modes of education, and liberal ideals of voluntarism and competition gave rise to multifarious experiences and sentiments that muddied the main objective of the state—to convert military training into a form of personal cultivation. This study sheds light on the gap between #ChiangKai-shek 's conception of #militarization as the practice of #everyday discipline and Chinese students’ embrace of military training as patriotic resistance against Japanese invasion. Ultimately, the program’s mobilizational potential was undercut by its obsession with managing the trivialities of everyday life and Nanjing’s appeasement policy toward Japan.

#军训
#中国史
#民国史
#军事教育

Han, Ji Hyun. ‘History Workers and Local History in Communist China’. Ph.D. dissertation, Cornell University, 2023.

Abstract: This dissertation shows how #Chinese #historians carved out a niche for their academic and professional lives by writing #localhistory in the People's Republic of China. In the 1950s, historians experienced changes in the academic language they were expected to use, in the institutionally collectivized workplace, and in the relatively marginalized social status of their field in the all-out drive for industrialization. This dissertation argues that ordinary historians, re-identifying themselves as history workers in the seemingly inescapable Marxist academic regime, initiated research on local history in response to the changes that were overtaking them. History workers reactivated local gazetteer projects, organized field investigations in local villages, mines, factories, and communes, and wrote the local colonial past in congruence with the language of Marxist historiography. Local history provided historians with a legitimate and safe field for their intellectual pursuits using untapped materials. The lack of a political imperative of the writing of local history rather allowed considerable latitude that local historians could use. They explored the space left open by this leeway within the otherwise restrictive structure to make their professional lives meaningful, adapting to the regime’s exclusive academic language and collectivized academia. This dissertation advances scholarship on intellectuals and the persistence of authoritarianism in China by revealing that, as much as authoritarian power shaped intellectual life, local historians’ intellectual pursuits in turn unintentionally contributed to forging the authoritarian structure in China.

#MarxistHistorian

La gestion à l'affaire et ses particularités

Ayant une #spécialisation dans le mode de #gestion à l' #affaire, on me demande régulièrement d'en expliquer les particularités. Egalement connue sous le nom de gestion par #projet, la gestion à l'affaire se distingue globalement de la gestion par #processus telle qu'on la rencontre couramment dans l' #industrie. En passant je vais vous donner quelques exemples concrets pour mieux illustrer le #concept.
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